Additional signals

Additional Signals
Physiological Signals	Advantages	Limitations
Continuous ketone and lactate sensors	Lactate increase with exercise and can differentiate moderate-intensity exercise and high-intensity exercise. Ketone responds to different types of exercises. These levels ensure safety during exercise.	Very limited ability to differentiate between the type of exercise, and mixed levels show a slow increase with exercise
Accelerometers and heart-rate sensors coupled with lactate sensing	Might have potential to inform CL on both exercise type (E.g., running, swimming or weights) and intensity (low, moderate, high or interval)	Non-specificity to exercise with stress, illness, medications, dehydration, and all potential modulators

Information from physiological signals like lactate, ketones, counterregulatory hormones, accelerometry, heart rate, galvaic skin response, skin temperature, and blood volume pulse could be used as potential adjunct for developing an algorithm about onset, offset and intensity of physical activity.
Counterregulatory hormones can differentiate exercise intensity, however a lot of technical challenges were involved in measurement of them in real world.
Other wearable sensors combining galvanic skin response, accelerometry, blood volume pulse, heart and skin temperature are able to classify the physical states and exercise type and could potentially differentiate exercise and physiological stress.

Patient awareness and attainment of goals in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A real-world survey

MAT-BH-2200900/V1/Nov 2022