Multiple Myeloma: Minimal Residual Disease
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Patients with multiple myeloma who achieve minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity have been shown to have better outcomes compared with MRD positive patients1
Achieving deeper responses can improve outcomes2
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Sustained MRD– = MRD– for 1 year
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MRD is the low level of malignant cells that persist even after a complete response with myeloma treatment1
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The methods used for determining MRD negativity include:
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Achieving MRD negativity is associated with better outcomes such as longer PFS and OS compared with patients who are MRD positive6,7
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Meta-analysis of 43 studies involving 8,114 patients: | Meta-analysis of 22 studies involving 4,462 patients: |
MRD negativity is being considered as a regulatory surrogate endpoint for PFS8,9
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Abbreviations
IMWG, International Myeloma Working Group; NGS, next-generation sequencing; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival.
References
- Kumar SK, et al. Lancet Oncol 2016;17:e328–46;
- Paiva B, et al. Blood 2015;125:3059–68;
- Durie BGM, et al. Cancer 1975;36:842–54;
- Flores-Montero J, et al. Leukemia 2017;31:2094–103;
- Ho C, et al. Semin Hematol 2018;55:13–8;
- Munshi NC, et al. JAMA Oncol 2017;3:28–35;
- Munshi NC, et al. Presented at ASH 2019; Poster #4742;
- Avet-Loiseau H, et al. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2020;20: e30–7;
- Landgren O. Semin Hematol 2018;55:1–3;
- Food and Drug Administration. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/media/134605/download;
- Holstein SA, et al. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020;26:e7–15