Management of Allergic Rhinitis Aggravated by Air Pollution
Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances, or pollutants, into the environment that leads to the deterioration of the quality of air, water, and land.
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The impact of air pollution on allergic symptoms is modulated by 4 factors.
Air pollutants
A mixture of solid particles, liquid droplets and gases. Air pollutants can be natural, such as bush fires, or created by human activity, such as motor vehicles.
Allergens
Biological air pollutants derive from living organisms. Some allergens are more significant indoors, while others are more important outdoors.
- Particulate matter
- Ultra-fine (<1 μm)
- Fine (<1–2.5 μm)
- Coarse (2.5–10 μm)
- Diesel Exhaust Particles (DEP)
- Ozone
- House dust mites
- Pet dander
- Pollen
Outdoor air pollution constituted more than 3% of the annual Disability-Adjusted Life Year in 2010.
Recommendations for patients
- Avoidance
- Remain indoors during high pollen levels.
- Elimination
- Eliminate sources of indoor mold spores, clean thoroughly.
- Treatment
- Recommend 2nd generation antihistamines or intranasal corticosteroids, anticholinergics, and nasal lavage
Reference
- Naclerio R, Ansotegui IJ, Bousquet J et al. World Allergy Organ J. 2020 Mar; 13(3): 100106. Published online 2020 Apr 3. doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100106
How to create a healthy environment
Reference
- Naclerio R, Ansotegui IJ, Bousquet J et al. World Allergy Organ J. 2020 Mar; 13(3): 100106. Published online 2020 Apr 3. doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100106
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