Impact of Meningococcal Vaccination (ACWY) in Adolescents
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In addition to routine vaccination for adolescents, MenACWY vaccine is also recommended for certain groups of people:
- People at risk because of a serogroup A, C, W, or Y meningococcal disease outbreak
- People with HIV
- Anyone whose spleen is damaged or has been removed, including people with sickle cell disease
- Anyone with a rare immune system condition called “persistent complement component deficiency”6
- Anyone taking a type of drug called a complement inhibitor, such as eculizumab (also called Soliris®) or ravulizumab (also called Ultomiris®)
- Microbiologists who routinely work with isolates of N. meningitidis
- Anyone traveling to, or living in, a part of the world where meningococcal disease is common, such as parts of Africa
- College freshmen living in residence halls
- U.S. military recruits
Reference
- Page last reviewed: August 15, 2019Content source: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Issue date of VIS: August 15, 2019
Age,Years | Recommendations | |
Australia92 | 15-19 | MenB† |
Canada93 | 12-24 | MenC conjugate or MenACWY conjugate‡ MenB-4C for those who want to protect against serogroup B infection |
Europe94 | ||
Austria | 11-13 | MenACWY |
Cyprus | ≥2 | MenACWY polysaccharide (only on specific indications) |
Czech Republic | 13-17 | MenACWY |
≥18 | MenACWY and MenB | |
France | 2-24 | MenC (catch-up) |
Germany | 2-17 | MenC (catch-up) |
Greece | 11-12 | MenACWY |
≥13 | MenACWY (catch-up) | |
Ireland | 12-13 | MenC |
Italy | 12-14 | MenACWY |
Liechtenstein | 11-20 | MenC (catch-up) |
Poland | 19 | MenC |
Spain | 12 | MenC |
United Kingdom | 13-15, 17-25 | MenACWY conjugate§ |
New Zealand95 | Adolescents/ young adults | MenC or MenACWY vaccination should be considered for those living or planning to live in communal accommodation" |
United States96,97 | 11-18 | MenACWY (single dose at age 11 or 12 with booster at age 16 years) |
≥10 | ≥ MenB (routine use for individuals ages ≥ 10 years at increased risk for MenB disease; consideration for individuals ages 16-23 years for short-term protection) |
Reference
- Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2019, VOL. 15, NO. 2, 459–469 https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1528831
Feb. 2021: American college Health Association (ACHA) Guidelines Immunization recommendations for college students
Note: Polysaccharide vaccine is no longer available
- Meningococcal Quadrivalent (A, C, W, Y) vaccine
- Conjugate
- Note: Polysaccharide vaccine is no longer available
- Vaccination schedule
- Initial dose of conjugate vaccine: 11-12 yrs. of age • Booster dose: 16 yrs. of age
- If initial dose given age 13-15 yrs.: booster dose at 16-18 yrs. of age
- If initial dose given age ≥16 yrs., no booster dose required
Reference
- Immunization Recommendations for College Students, https://www.acha.org/documents/resources/guidelines/ACHA_Immunization_Recommendations_Feb2021.pdf
KSA - MOH Vaccination Schedule
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UAE - MOH Vaccination Schedule
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Reference
- DHA. (nd). Immunization Guidelines. [online] Available at: https://www.dha.gov.ae/Documents/HRD/Immunization%20Guidelines.pdf [Accessed 31 January 2021].
UK Uptake of a new meningitis vaccination programme amongst first-year undergraduate students aged 18–25 years
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In 2015 meningococcal group W was declared endemic in the UK, with the MenACWY vaccination, subsequently introduced amongst adolescents and first year university students.
- This study aimed to determine MenACWY uptake amongst students.
- 401 participants were included in analysis.
Results
- At 18 years-old: Vaccine uptake was 68.1%.
Compared to 18 years-old, the odds of vaccination were reduced for 19 year-olds (aOR = 0.087, 95% CI = 0.010– 0.729), 20 year-olds (aOR = 0.019, 95% CI = 0.002–0.161) and 21–25 year-olds (aOR = 0.003, 95% CI = <0.001–0.027)
Independent variable | Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | P value |
Age (years): | ||
18 | 1 | |
19 | 0.087 (0.010-0.729) | 0.024 |
20 | 0.019(0.002-0.161) | <0.001 |
21-25 | 0.003 (<0.001-0.027) |
<0.001 |
Conclusions
- Older students are less likely to become vaccinated due to differing vaccination policy in this age-group.
Reference
-
Sarah Blagden ,PLoS ONE 12(8): e0181817.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181817
2019 USA coverage rate of MenACWY meningococcal vaccines in adolescents, more than 80%
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Reference
-
Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2019, VOL. 15, NO. 2, 459–469 https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1528831
Effectiveness of Immunoprophylaxis in Suppressing Carriage of Neisseria Meningitidis in the Military Environment
- Single-time throat culture samples were collected from professional 559 soldiers (302 unvaccinated vs. 257 vaccinated individuals with the quadrivalent conjugate vaccine ACYW-135).
- Carriers:
- Unvaccinated soldiers (9.6 %)
- Vaccinated soldiers only (1.2 %).
- The identified serogroups:
- B (28%)
- Y (25%)
- C (22%)
- Conclusion:
- The initiation of mass vaccination with the quadrivalent conjugate vaccine ACYW-135 in the military environment seems an effective method of suppressing N. meningitidis carriage.
Sociodemographic and behavioral variables | Non-carriers of N. meningitidis (n = 52) |
Carriers of N. meningitidis ( n =32) |
p |
Age | |||
Mean ± SD | 30.2± 4.8 | 29.3 ± 4.4 | 0.407 |
Range | 21.0-52.0 | 22.0-43.0 | |
Median | 29.0 | 29.0 | |
95 % CI | 29.8-30.6 | 27.7-30.9 | |
Military rank | |||
Officer | 30 (5.7 %) | 3 (9.4 %) | 0.093 |
Noncommissioned officer | 137 (26.1 %) | 3 (9.4 %) | |
Private | 360 (68.3 %) | 26 (81.2 %) | |
Sex | |||
Female | 7 (1.3 %) | 2 (6.3 %) | 0.093 |
Male | 520 (98.7 %) | 30 (93.7 %) | |
Place of residence | |||
City | 341 (64.7 %) | 21 (65.6 %) | 0.916 |
Country | 186 (35.3 %) | 11 (34.4 %) | |
Smoking of cigarettes | |||
Yes | 174 (33.0 %) | 222 (68.7 %) | 0.001 |
No | 353 (67.0 %) | 9 (31.3 %) | |
Vaccination | |||
Vaccinated | 250 (47.4 %) | 3 (9.4 %) | 0.001 |
Non-vaccinated | 277 (52.6 %) | 29 (90.6 %) |
p values for the differences between non-carriers and carriers of Neisseria meningitidis
Reference
-
Korzeniewski, Advs Exp. Medicine, Biology - Neuroscience and Respiration (2015) 5: 19–28, DOI 10.1007/5584_2014_22, # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014, Published online: 14 October 2014